渤海冬季海冰反照率变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑佳佳  邵珠德  柯长青 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(1):56-63

渤海海冰对于大尺度气候变化比较敏感,基于CLARA-A1-SAL数据分析了1992~2008年冬季（12、1、2月）渤海海冰区域反照率的时空变化,同时分析了海冰密集度、海冰外延线面积和海水表面温度的变化与海冰反照率的相互关系。渤海海冰区域反照率随时间波动变化且变化趋势不明显,趋势线斜率仅为0.0388%。年际变化在9.93%~14.5%之间,平均值为11.79%。海冰反照率在1999,2000和2005等重冰年的值明显高于其他年份,在1994,1998,2001和2006等轻冰年的值较低。从单个月份反照率来看,12月海冰反照率的增加趋势（趋势线斜率0.0988%）明显高于1月和2月,1月的海冰反照率平均值（12.9%）高于另外两个月份。海冰反照率和海冰密集度呈明显的正相关关系;和海表面温度呈负相关关系（显著性水平90%）。  相似文献   

Investigating the influence of minor hydraulic structures on modeling flood events in lowland areas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Freegzi Mehari Hailemariam  Luigia Brandimarte  Francesco Dottori 《水文研究》2014,28(4):1742-1755

Flood inundation models have been recognized to be a valuable tool to reproduce flow dynamics in a given area and support decision‐making processes on flood management measures. In many cases, in the simulation of flood events, only the main river channel and the associated structures are represented within the model. However, during flood events involving lowland areas, the minor drainage network – and the associated hydraulic structures – may have an important role in conveying flow and determining which areas will be flooded. The objective of this study is to investigate whether – and to what extent – small hydraulic structures in drainage networks have an influence in flooding on lowland areas. The case study for this research is the 1990 flood event which occurred in the lowland plain of the Reno River, in Northern Italy. The study area is mainly used for agricultural purposes and has a drainage system with several small bridges and culverts. The influence of the minor hydraulic structures on flood dynamics was analyzed through a combined use of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) hydraulic models. First, a number of detailed and simplified approaches to represent hydraulic structures in the computational grids were analyzed by means of the HECRAS 1D model. Second, these approaches were implemented and tested in several 2D simulations of the flood event. The simulated inundation extents and flood levels were then compared with the observed data and with each other. The analysis of results showed that simplified schematizations were sufficient to obtain good model predictions of peak inundation extent and flood levels, at least for the present case study. Moreover, the influence of the structures on the peak flood inundation extent and flood levels was found to be limited, whereas it showed to be more significant during the drainage phase of the flood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利用ΔlogR技术计算柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系有机碳   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭泽清  孙平  刘卫红 《地球物理学进展》2012,(2):626-633

利用ΔlogR技术计算有机碳是一种不同于传统地球化学测试得到的有机碳方法.该方法利用烃源岩有机碳含量在测井曲线(声波时差、电阻率)上的响应特征,建立测井解释模型,计算TOC的连续分布值,从而得到准确的有机碳含量,补充取心资料的不足.本文应用ΔlogR技术,结合实测数据,建立起三湖地区测井资料与有机碳含量之间的定量关系模型,然后利用该模型对三湖地区25口重点探井进行有机碳计算.结果表明:有机碳总体上数值含量偏低,平均值为0.33%;在纵向上,具有2个峰值,其中k5-k6峰值段是第四系最大湖泛期形成的沉积;在平面上,有机碳高值区位于台南-涩北构造以北和台吉乃尔与南陵丘以南区域,而南斜坡和涩南1井以东区域有机碳含量较低.本次研究获取了较为准确的烃源岩评价参数,最终得到该区第四系天然气资源量得到油田认可.  相似文献   

辽宁沿海湿地生物多样性评价研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

朱京海  刘伟玲  胡远满  王炜 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(1):27-31

辽宁沿海湿地资源对辽宁沿海经济带生物多样性保护具有重要意义。在辽宁沿海经济带战略环评中,根据科学性、代表性和实用性的原则,提出了生物多样性评价的4个指标,即物种丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、物种特有性和外来物种入侵度。建立了沿海湿地生物多样性评价指标体系,并对沿海湿地生物多样性进行了评价。评价结果表明:辽宁沿海6地市及其4个国家级自然保护区的生物多样性丰富。该项研究为辽宁沿海经济带的战略开发决策提供了科学的生物多样性保护措施和建议。  相似文献   

岩溶地区土状堆积物物质来源判别的实用指标———粒度分布特征   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17  

冯志刚  王世杰  孙承兴  刘秀明 《中国岩溶》2002,21(2):73-78

选择湘西吉首完整的灰岩风化壳, 首次利用粒度参数并结合已有的矿物学、地球化学的研究成果,为湘西和贵州地区的碳酸盐岩上覆土状堆积物的残积成因提供了有力的佐证。粒度分析研究结果表明, 湘西吉首灰岩风化壳基岩酸不溶物及其上覆半风化带粒度频率分布曲线形态的一致性和渐变性,指示了风化壳对基岩的继承和演化;砂-粉砂-粘粒含量、中值粒径和平均粒径在剖面上的演化趋势,反映了一个标准残积风化壳的发育规律;频率曲线众数峰含量随深度的变化,不但指示了化学风化趋势,而且反映了风化程度的变化梯度。   相似文献   

长江黄河源区生态环境范围的探讨   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

丁永建  杨建平  刘时银  陈仁升  王根绪  沈永平  王建  谢昌卫  张世强 《地理学报》2003,58(4):519-526

在江河源区地理学与水文学界定的基础上,在明确界定源区范围四大原则与依据的前提下,文章综合分析了长江黄河源区的地貌特征、气候条件、植被分布以及水文水系特征,并在此基础上综合确定了长江黄河源区生态环境研究的范围。以达日水文站为界,以上区域为黄河流域生态环境研究的源区范围,流域控制面积约4.49×104 km², 源区为高原湖泊沼泽地貌,地形平缓, 高寒半干旱气候, 受水热条件控制植被主要为草原化草甸;长江流域生态环境研究的源区以聂恰曲汇口为界,流域控制面积约12.24×104 km²。长江源区为高平原丘陵地貌,地形变化和缓,气候为高寒干旱半干旱气候,因范围广阔,分布高寒草原和高寒草甸植被。  相似文献   

西太平洋边缘海封闭程度定量化的尝试     

黄维  汪品先 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1998,18(3):37-43

西太平洋边缘海由于地形特征存在着巨大的差异,它们与开放大洋以及相互之间的联通程度很不相同,用三个比值即：海槛深度与海盆最大深度的比值（Ｓ／Ｂ）,海峡通道宽度与海区面积的比值（Ｐ／Ａ）以及通道截面积与海盆体积的比值（Ｃ／Ｖ）来描述它们的封闭程度,结果表明,日本海在西太平洋边缘海中封闭程度最高,而爪哇海和东海的封闭程度最低,而不同封闭程度的边缘海对冰期旋回的反应有显著的不同。  相似文献   

Movement and variation of four typical glaciers in the Qilian Mountains, northwestern China     

ZheFan Jing  Kun Wang  Li Liu 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(3):206-211

We selected four typical glaciers in the Qilian Mountains and investigated their movements and variation using advanced technologies such as remote sensing,photographic measurements,and global positioning systems.The velocity of glacier movements in the Qilian Mountains is relatively low,and there has been no significant variation during the past 50 years.Glacier motion has maintained a normal style.The movement velocity of Laohugou Glacier No.12 presented a decreasing trend(by 48%) from 1960 to 2012.The movement velocity of the Qiyi Glacier also presented a decreasing trend(by 48.1%) from 1958 to 2012; it decreased by 29.4% from 1958 to 1977 and by 26.5% from 1977 to 2012.Therefore,the Qiyi Glacier's movement velocity varied greatly over the earlier 20 years(1958–1977),but presented a small decreasing trend during the latter 30 years(1977–2012).By comparing the movement velocity variation of these typical glaciers,we determined that the extent of variation was consistent among large glaciers(such as Laohugou Glacier No.12) and small glaciers(such as the Qiyi Glacier and Yanglonghe Glacier No.5),despite their different sizes.  相似文献   

The spatial extent and coverage of tornado sirens in San Marcos,Texas     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

The tornado siren has become the standard method of notifying resident populations of dangerous weather conditions. In March, 2012, the city of San Marcos, Texas purchased 14 Tempest-121 rotating sirens creating a coverage network. Because San Marcos has experienced two tornadoes during the previous twelve years, two research questions were constructed, 1) what is the spatial coverage of the tornado siren network in San Marcos, and 2) what is the approximate number of residents located outside the siren's network coverage area? The hypothesis stated that the siren network left more than 10 percent of the population outside the coverage area.Each tornado siren was individually located and associated GPS data allowed for construction of the siren network in a GIS. The analysis identified approximately 26 percent (22 km²) of San Marcos located outside the network's coverage area. Furthermore, analysis of census block data and the extent of siren coverage resulted in 5.14 percent of residents not included in siren coverage, approximately half compared to what was hypothesized. As San Marcos continues to expand, both in size and in population, the question of whether there is enough coverage for the entire city for the foreseeable future remains unclear.  相似文献   

Statistical Projections of Ocean Climate Indices off Newfoundland and Labrador     

Guoqi Han  Eugene Colbourne  Pierre Pepin  Yinda Xie 《大气与海洋》2015,53(5):556-570

ABSTRACT

Present global climate models (GCMs) are unable to provide reliable projections of physical oceanographic properties on the continental shelf off Newfoundland and Labrador. Here we first establish linear statistical relationships between oceanographic properties and coastal air temperature based on historical observations. We then use these relationships to project future states of oceanographic conditions under different emission scenarios, based on projected coastal air temperatures from global (Canadian Earth System Model, version 2 (CanESM2), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model, version 2M (GFDL-ESM2M)) and regional (Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM)) climate models. Estimates based on CanESM2 agree reasonably well with observed trends, but the trends based on two other models result in substantial underestimates. Projected trends are closer to observations under a high emission scenario than under median-level emission scenarios. Over the next 50 years, the increases in projected sea surface temperature off eastern Newfoundland (Station 27) range from 0.4° to 2.2°C. The increases in bottom ocean temperature over the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves range from 0.4° to 2.1°C. The area of the cold intermediate layer (<0°C) on the Flemish Cap (47°N) section is projected to decrease by 9–35% of the 1981–2010 average. The decline in sea-ice extent off Newfoundland and Labrador ranges from 20 to 77% of the average (0.4–1.5?×?10⁵?km²), and the reduction in the number of icebergs at 48°N off Newfoundland ranges from 30% to nearly 100% of the norm at this latitude. Despite differences among the models and scenarios, statistical projections indicate that conditions in this region will reach or exceed their maxima (sea surface temperature, bottom ocean temperature) and reach or fall below their minima (sea-ice extent, number of icebergs) that were observed during the course of monitoring activities over the past 30–60 years, possibly as early as 2040. We note, however, that the statistical relationships based on historical data may not hold in the future because of the changing influence of input from Arctic waters and because of large uncertainties in projected air temperatures from GCMs.  相似文献